双语阅读：我的世界观——爱因斯坦

The World As I See It

How strange is the lot of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose be knows not, though he sometimes thinks he senses it But without deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other people-first of all for those upon whose iles and well-being our own happiness is wholly dependent, and then for the many, unknown to us, to whose destinies we are bound by the ties of sympathy A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men,living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am often oppressively aware that I am engrossing an undue amount of the labor of my fellow-men I regard class distinctions as unjustified and, in the last resort, based on force I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, physically and mentally

I do not at all believe in human freedom in the philosophical sense Everybody acts not only under external pulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity Schopenhauer‘s saying, "A man can do what he wants,but not want what he wants," has been a very real inspiration to me since my youth; it has been a continual consolation in the face of life‘s hardships, my own and others‘, and an unfailing well-spring of tolerance This realization mercifully mitigates the easily paralyzing sense of responsibility and prevents us from taking ourselves and other people all too seriously; it is conducive to a view of life which, in particular, gives humor its due

To inquire after the meaning or object of one‘s own existence or that of all creatures has always seemed to me absurd from an objective point of view And yet everybody has certain ideals which determine the direction of his endeavors and his judgments In this sense I have never looked upon ease and happiness as ends in themselves-this ethical basis I call the ideal of a pigsty The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Kindness, Beauty, and Truth Without the sense of kinship with men of like mind, without the occupation with the objective world,the eternally unattainable in the field of art and scientific endeavors, life would have seemed to me empty The trite objects of human efforts-possessions,outward success, luxury-have always seemed to me contemptible

My passionate sense of social justice and social responsibility has always contrasted oddly with my pronounced lack of need for direct contact with other human beings and human munities I am truly a "lone traveler" and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friend, or even my immediate family, with my whole heart; in the face of all these ties, I have never lost a sense of distance and a need for solitude-feelings which increase with the years One bees sharply aware, but without regret,of the limits of mutual understanding and consonance with other people No doubt, such a person loses some of his innocence and unconcern; on the other hand, he is largely independent, of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his fellows and avoids the temptation to build his inner equilibrium upon such insecure foundations

My political ideal is democracy Let every man be respected as an individual and no man idolized It is an irony of fate that I myself have been the recipient of excessive admiration and reverence from my fellow-being, through no fault, and no merit, of my own The cause of this may well be the desire, unattainable for many, to understand the few ideas to which I have with my feeble powers attained through ceaseless struggle I am quite aware that it is necessary for the achievement of the objective of an organization that one man should do the thinking and directing and generally bear the responsibility But the led must not be coerced, they must be able to choose their leader An autocratic system of coercion, in my opinion, soon degenerates For force always attracts men of low morality, and I believe it to be an invariable rule that tyrants of genius are succeeded by scoundrels, For this reason I have always been passionately opposed to systems such as we see in Italy and Russia today The thing that has brought discredit upon the form of democracy as it exists in Europe today is not to be laid to the door of the democratic principle as such, but to the lack of stability of governments and to the impersonal character of the electoral system I believe that in this respect the United States of America have found the right way They have a President powers really to exercise his responsibility What I value, on the other hand, in the German political system is the more extensive provision that it makes for the individual in case of illness or need The really valuable thing in the pageant of human life seems to me not the political state, but the creative, sentient individual, the personality; it alone creates the noble and the sublime, while the herd as such remains dull in thought and dull in feeling This topic brings me to that worst outcrop of herd life, the military system,which I abhor That a man can take pleasure in marching in fours to the strains of a band is enough to make me despise him He has only been given his big brain by mistake; unprotected spinal marrow was all he needed This plaguespot of civilization ought to be abolished with all possible speed Heroi on mand, senseless violence, and all the loathsome nonsense that goes by the name of patrioti - how passionately I hate them! How vile and despicable seems war to me! I would rather be hacked in pieces than take part in such an abominable business My opinion of the human race is high enough that I believe this bogey would have disappeared long ago, had the sound sense of the peoples not been systematically corrupted by mercial and political interests acting through the schools and the Press

The most beautiful experience we can have is the mysterious It is the fundamental emotion which stands at the cradle of true art and true science Whoever does not know it and can no longer wonder, no longer marvel, is as good as dead, and his eyes are dimmed It was the experience of mystery - even if mixed with fear - that engendered religion A knowledge of the existence of something we cannot perate, our perceptions of the profoundest reason and the most radiant beauty, which only in their most primitive forms are accessible to our minds - it is this knowledge and this emotion that constitute true religiosity; in this sense, and in this alone, I am a deeply religious man I can not conceive of a God who rewards and punishes his creatures, or has a will of the kind that we experience in ourselves Neither can I nor would I want to conceive of an individual that survives his physical death; let feeble souls, from fear or absurd egoi , cherish such thoughts I am satisfied with the mystery of the eternity of life and with the awareness and a glimpse of the marvelous structure of the existing world, together with the devoted striving to prehend a portion, be it ever so tiny, of the Reason that manifests itself in nature

我的世界观

阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦

我们这些总有一死的人的命运多么奇特！我们每个人在这个世界上都只作一个短暂的逗留；目的何在，却无从知道，尽管有时自以为对此若有所感。但是，不必深思，只要从日常生活就可以明白：人是为别人而生存的──首先是为那样一些人，我们的幸福全部依赖于他们的喜悦和健康；其次是为许多我们所不认识的人，他们的命运通过同情的纽带同我们密切结合在一起。我每天上百次的提醒自己：我的精神生活和物质生活都是以别人（包括生者和死者）的劳动为基础的，我必须尽力以同样的分量来报偿我所领受了的和至今还在领受着的东西。我强烈地向往着俭朴的生活。并且时常发觉自己占用了同胞的过多劳动而难以忍受。我认为阶级的区分是不合理的，它最后所凭借的是以暴力为根据。我也相信，简单淳朴的生活，无论在身体上还是在精神上，对每个人都是有益的。

我完全不相信人类会有那种在哲学意义上的自由。每一个人的行为不仅受着外界的强制，而且要适应内在的必然。叔本华说：“人虽然能够做他所想做的，但不能要他所想要的。”这句格言从我青年时代起就给了我真正的启示；在我自己和别人的生活面临困难的时候，它总是使我们得到安慰，并且是宽容的持续不断的源泉。这种体会可以宽大为怀地减轻那种容易使人气馁的责任感，也可以防止我们过于严肃地对待自己和别人；它导致一种特别给幽默以应有地位的人生观。

要追究一个人自己或一切生物生存的意义或目的，从客观的观点看来，我总觉得是愚蠢可笑的。可是每个人都有一些理想，这些理想决定着他的努力和判断的方向。就在这个意义上，我从来不把安逸和享乐看作生活目的本身──我把这种伦理基础叫做猪栏的理想。照亮我的道路，是善、美和真。要是没有志同道合者之间的亲切感情，要不是全神贯注于客观世界──那个在艺术和科学工作领域里永远达不到的对象，那么在我看来，生活就会是空虚的。我总觉得，人们所努力追求的庸俗目标──财产、虚荣、奢侈的生活──都是可鄙的。

我有强烈的社会正义感和社会责任感，但我又明显地缺乏与别人和社会直接接触的要求，这两者总是形成古怪的对照。我实在是一个“孤独的旅客”，我未曾全心全意地属于我的国家、我的家庭、我的朋友，甚至我最为接近的亲人；在所有这些关系面前，我总是感觉到一定距离而且需要保持孤独──而这种感受正与年俱增。人们会清楚地发觉，同别人的相互了解和协调一致是有限度的，但这不值得惋惜。无疑，这样的人在某种程度上会失去他的天真无邪和无忧无虑的心境；但另一方面，他却能够在很大程度上不为别人的意见、习惯和判断所左右，并且能够避免那种把他的内心平衡建立在这样一些不可靠的基础之上的诱惑。

我的政治理想是民主政体。让每一个人都作为个人而受到尊重，而不让任何人成为被崇拜的偶像。我自己一直受到同代人的过分的赞扬和尊敬，这不是由于我自己的过错，也不是由于我自己的功劳，而实在是一种命运的嘲弄。其原因大概在于人们有一种愿望，想理解我以自已微薄的绵力，通过不断的斗争所获得的少数几个观念，而这种愿望有很多人却未能实现。我完全明白，一个组织要实现它的目的，就必须有一个人去思考，去指挥、并且全面担负起责任来。但是被领导的人不应当受到强迫，他们必须能够选择自己的领袖。在我看来，强迫的专制制度很快就会腐化堕落。因为暴力所招引来的总是一些品德低劣的人，而且我相信，天才的暴君总是由无赖来继承的，这是一条千古不易的规律。就是由于这个缘故，我总强烈地反对今天在意大利和俄国所见到的那种制度。像欧洲今天所存在的情况，已使得民主形式受到怀疑，这不能归咎于民主原则本身，而是由于 的不稳定和选举制度中与个人无关的特征。我相信美国在这方面已经找到了正确的道路。他们选出了一个任期足够长的总统，他有充分的权力来真正履行他的职责。另一方面，在德国政治制度中，为我所看重的是它为救济患病或贫困的人作出了可贵的广泛的规定。在人生的丰富多彩的表演中，我觉得真正可贵的，不是政治上的国家，而是有创造性的、有感情的个人，是人格；只有个人才能创造出高尚的和卓越的东西，而群众本身在思想上总是迟钝的，在感觉上也总是迟钝的。

讲到这里，我想起了群众生活中最坏的一种表现，那就是使我厌恶的军事制度。一个人能够洋洋得意的随着军乐队在四列纵队里行进，单凭这一点就足以使我对他鄙夷不屑。他所以长了一个大脑，只是出于误会；光是骨髓就可满足他的全部需要了。文明的这种罪恶的渊薮，应当尽快加以消灭。任人支配的英雄主义、冷酷无情的暴行，以及在爱国主义名义下的一切可恶的胡闹，所有这些都使我深恶痛绝！在我看来，战争是多么卑鄙、下流！我宁愿被千刀万剐，也不愿参与这种可憎的勾当。尽管如此，我对人类的评价还是十分高的，我相信，要是人民的健康感情没有遭到那些通过学校和报纸而起作用的商业利益和政治利益的蓄意败坏，那么战争这个妖魔早就该绝迹了。

我们所能有的最美好的经验是奥秘的经验。它是坚守在真正艺术和真正科学发源地上的基本感情。谁要体验不到它，谁要是不再有好奇心，也不再有惊讶的感觉，谁就无异于行尸走肉，他的眼睛便是模糊不清的。就是这样奥秘的经验──虽然掺杂着恐惧──产生了宗教。我们认识到有某种为我们所不能洞察的东西存在，感觉到那种只能以其最原始的形式接近我们的心灵的最深奥的理性和最灿烂的美──正是这种认识和这种情感构成了真正的宗教感情；在这个意义上，而且也只是在这个意义上，我才是一个具有深挚的宗教感情的人。我无法想象存在这样一个上帝，它会对自己的创造物加以赏罚，会具有我们在自己身上所体验到的那种意志。我不能也不愿去想象一个人在肉体死亡以后还会继续活着；让那些脆弱的灵魂，由于恐惧或者由于可笑的唯我论，去拿这种思想当宝贝吧！我自己只求满足于生命永恒的奥秘，满足于觉察现存世界的神奇结构，窥见它的一鳞半爪，并且以诚挚的努力去领悟在自然界中显示出来的那个理性的一部分，倘若真能如此，即使只领悟其极小的一部分，我也就心满意足了。

Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields

Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, a city in Germany As a boy, he was slow to learn to talk, but later in his childhood he showed great curiosity about nature and ability to solve difficult mathematical problems After he left school, he went to Switzerland, where he graduated from the university with a degree in mathematics

In 1905, Einstein began to publish a series of papers which shook the whole scientific and intellectual world, and for the theories he established in the papers he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields

Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, a city in Germany As a boy, he was slow to learn to talk, but later in his childhood he showed great curiosity about nature and ability to solve difficult mathematical problems After he left school, he went to Switzerland, where he graduated from the university with a degree in mathematics

In 1905, Einstein began to publish a series of papers which shook the whole scientific and intellectual world, and for the theories he established in the papers he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921

Because Einstein was Jewish, when Hitler took over Germany in 1933, he had to leave the country and finally settled in the United States There he continued his study on the structure of the universe until his death in 1955

Among the several important discoveries Einstein made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity

1、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（德语/英语：AlbertEinstein；1879年3月14日—1955年4月18日），出生于德国巴登－符腾堡州乌尔姆市，是现代物理学家。

2、爱因斯坦出生于德国乌尔姆市的一个犹太人家庭（父母均为犹太人）。1900年毕业于瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院，入瑞士国籍。1905年，爱因斯坦获苏黎世大学物理学博士学位，并提出光子假设、成功解释了光电效应（因此获得1921年诺贝尔物理奖）；同年创立狭义相对论，1915年创立广义相对论，1933年移居美国、在普林斯顿高等研究院任职，1940年加入美国国籍同时保留瑞士国籍。1955年4月18日，爱因斯坦于美国新泽西州普林斯顿逝世，享年76岁。

3、1999年12月，爱因斯坦被美国《时代周刊》评选为20世纪的“世纪伟人（PersonoftheCentury）”。

4、爱因斯坦的理论为核能的开发奠定了理论基础，为帮助对抗纳粹，他曾在利奥·西拉德等人的协助下曾致信美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福、直接促成了曼哈顿计划的启动，而二战后他积极倡导和平、反对使用核武器，并签署了《罗素—爱因斯坦宣言》。爱因斯坦开创了现代科学技术新纪元，被公认为是继伽利略、牛顿之后最伟大的物理学家，也是批判学派科学哲学思想之集大成者和发扬光大者。

英语：

Albert Einstein (/ˈælbərt ˈaɪnʃtaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɐrt ˈaɪnʃtaɪn] ( listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist Einstein's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics) Einstein is best known in popular culture for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2 (which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation") He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "services to theoretical physics", in particular his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory

Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field This led to the development of his special theory of relativity He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the general relativity He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the large-scale structure of the universe

He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and, being Jewish, did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences He settled in the US, becoming an American citizen in 1940[10] On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D Roosevelt alerting him to the potential development of "extremely powerful bombs of a new type" and recommending that the US begin similar research This eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project Einstein supported defending the Allied forces, but largely denounced the idea of using the newly discovered nuclear fission as a weapon Later, with the British philosopher Bertrand Russell, Einstein signed the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955

Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works On 5 December 2014, universities and archives announced the release of Einstein's papers, comprising more than 30,000 unique documents Einstein's intellectual achievements and originality have made the word "Einstein" synonymous with genius

翻译：

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（德语：Albert Einstein，1879年3月14日－1955年4月18日），旧译恩斯坦，20世纪犹太裔理论物理学家，科学哲学家，创立了相对论，现代物理学的两大支柱之一（另一个是量子力学）。爱因斯坦的质能方程E = mc2最著称于世（世人称之为‘全世界最著名的方程’），他也因为“对理论物理的贡献，特别是发现了光电效应”而获得1921年诺贝尔物理学奖，这个发现深深影响量子理论的建立。

在爱因斯坦早期职业生涯时，他想牛顿力学的框架已经无法让经典力学与电磁场相互共存，这也为狭义相对论发展起了开端。然而他了解到相对的性质可以延申到引力场模型以及他在1916年的一些引力理论，就是广义相对论。接着他着手处理统计力学与量子理论的问题，这也造就他对于粒子与分子运动的解释。在1917年，爱因斯坦运用广义相对论建立大尺度结构宇宙的模型。

1933年，希特勒掌权，爱因斯坦走访美国，由于是犹太裔身份，他没有回到德国，而那时候他早已在普鲁士科学院取得教授的职位。在1940年，他定居美国随后成为美国公民。在二次世界大战前夕，他署名一封信给当时美国总统罗斯褔，信中提到一种新式且深具威力的炸弹很有可能发展起来，建议美国也尽早进行相关研究，而这也导至曼哈顿计划的成型。起初爱因斯坦协助增强同盟国的武力但谴责使用当时新发现的核裂变作为一种武器的想法，后来爱因斯坦与英国哲学家伯特兰·罗素共同签署一份罗素—爱因斯坦宣言，强调核武的危险性。

爱因斯坦总共发表了300多篇科学论文和150篇非科学作品。爱因斯坦被誉为是“现代物理学之父”及二十世纪世界最重要科学家之一。他卓越的科学成就和原创性使得“爱因斯坦”一词成为“天才”的同义词。

爱因斯坦是物理学家。

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（德语/英语：Albert Einstein；1879年3月14日—1955年4月18日），出生于德国巴登-符腾堡州乌尔姆市，美国和瑞士双国籍的犹太裔物理学家，爱因斯坦出生于德国乌尔姆市的一个犹太人家庭（父母均为犹太人）。1900年毕业于瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院。

入瑞士国籍。1905年，爱因斯坦获苏黎世大学物理学博士学位，并提出光子假设、成功解释了光电效应（因此获得1921年诺贝尔物理学奖）；同年创立狭义相对论，1915年创立广义相对论，1933年移居美国，在普林斯顿高等研究院任职，新泽西州普林斯顿逝世，享年76岁。

爱因斯坦早年生活介绍

1914年4月，爱因斯坦接受德国科学界的邀请，迁居到柏林。8月，即爆发了第一次世界大战。他虽身居战争的发源地。生活在战争鼓吹者的包围之中，却坚决地表明了自己的反战态度。9月，爱因斯坦参与发起反战团体“新祖国同盟”。为了维护世界和平。

在这个组织被宣布为非法、成员大批遭受逮捕和迫害而转入地下的情况下，爱因斯坦仍坚决参加这个组织的秘密活动。10月，德国的科学界和文化界在军国主义分子的操纵和煽动下，发表了“文明世界的宣言”，为德国发动的侵略战争辩护，鼓吹德国高于一切。

Albert Einstein on March 14, 1879 in the German city of Ulm was born, his parents were Jewish Einstein have a happy childhood, his father was a quiet, docile and good-hearted people, people who love literature and mathematics His mother made her strong, popular music and influence of Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein played study violin at age six From the violin became his lifelong companion Einstein's parents have a positive impact on his family and education, home filled with the spirit of freedom and auspicious atmosphere

艾伯特·爱因斯坦于1879年3月14日在德国小城乌尔姆出生，他的父母都是犹太人。爱因斯坦有一个幸福的童年，他的父亲是位平静、温顺的好心人，爱好文学和数学。他的母亲个性较强，喜爱音乐，并影响了爱因斯坦，爱因斯坦从六岁起学小提琴，从此小提琴成为他的终生伴侣。爱因斯坦的父母对他有着良好的影响和家庭教育，家中弥漫着自由的精神和祥和的气氛