谁能给我一个精简的英语语法
一 词汇
⑴ 单词
1 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1) in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2) on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3) under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4) behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5) near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6) at表示"在……处"。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7) of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat
这是一只猫。
It's an English book
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom
------ I can see a bag
------ Where's the bag
------ It's on the desk
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。
3some和any
①在肯定句中用some例如:
There are some books on the desk桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family 这是一张我全家的照片。
5 little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。
There is little time 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的
look at the picture 看这张
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 这边走
二 日常用语
1 Come and meet my family
2 Go and see I think it's Li Lei
3 Glad to meet you
4 What can you see in the picture
I can see a clock / some books
5 Can you see an orange
Yes, I can / No, I can't
6 Where's Shenzhen
It's near Hong Kong
7 Let me see(口语)让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如:
8 Please have a seat
seat表示"座位",是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三 语法
1 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1) 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2) 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3) 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
(4) 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1) 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see 去看看。
Come in, please 请进。
(2) 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books 不要看书。
Don't play on the road 不要在马路上玩。
3 There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk 桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't
---Is there a dog in the picture 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is 有。
---Are there any boats in the river 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't 没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be
There's one / There are two / three / some
有时直接就用数字来回答。One / Two
---How many students are there in the classroom 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one / There are nine 只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl 碗里有多少食物?
(一) 主谓一致
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一致,通常指三个基本原则:语法一致,即形式上一致;概念一致,即概念或意念上的一致;毗邻一致,即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。
一、 语法一致原则
1、在通常情况下,一个句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数形式,谓语也为单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语也为复数形式。如:
This exercise on English idioms is not easy这个英语短语练习不容易。
2、 在“there be”结构中, “be”的单复数取决与后面主语的数如:
There has been little change in this city这个城市没有多少变化。
3、“one of”结构,位于用单数,“two of”结构位于用复数
One of the things I want to do is traveling我想做的一件事是去旅行。
Two of the boys have lost their way home有两个男孩回家迷路了。
3、 倒装句的主语在谓语之后,避免误用。
Never before has she been to Paris!她以前从未去过巴黎。
二、 概念一致
1、 主语是抽象概念、短语或从句,谓语用单数形式。如:
To tell lies is wrong说谎是不正确的。(不定式做主语)
Keeping the house is a tiring job管理家务是一件很劳累的事。(动名词做主语)
How this happened is not clear to anyone(从句做主语)
注意:
(1) 用what或which引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于后面的表语,因为它们在逻辑上的意义是相同的。如:
Which is your seat你的座位是哪一个?
Which are your seats你们的座位是哪些?
(2) 单个的分词作主语,不定式作主语,以及主语从句,谓语都用单数,若用连接上述的相同两个成分,谓语才用复数。
2、 两个或两个以上的主语用and和both连接时,谓语用复数形式。
3、 and连接的并列主语指同一人或同一样东西,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语用单数;若有,则用复数。如:
My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again我的密友兼顾问又改变他的想法了。
My friend and the student Sue are in the classroom我的朋友和那位叫苏的同学在教室里。
a 若and后面加not,谓语用单数。如:
Lilei,and not I, has won the game是 Lilei赢了比赛,而不是我。
b 用and 连接的单数主语,前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时,谓语用单数。
c 复数主语前加each,谓语仍用复数。
d no后面名词为单数,谓语用单数;后为复数,谓语用复数。
三、 毗邻一致
由not only…but also,neither…nor…,either…or…,or 连接的并列主语,在肯定句中谓语变化取决于后面的饿主语,在疑问句中取决于前面的主语。如;
Either he or I am mistaken他和我都没错。
Either he or you are to go there不是他就是你要到那儿去。
(详见高一下册P155~P156)
(二) 虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不是事实。虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语动词的特殊形式来表现的,因此,掌握虚拟语气中的各种谓语动词的形式变化,是掌握虚拟语气的关键。
一、 虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
虚拟语气用于简单句中,一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语动词要用原形。
二、 虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法
(1) 在状语从句中的用法
1、 条件句中的用法
虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表现与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑,和直陈语气条件句中的谓语动词形式以及表达的含义完全不同。虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等,只表示不同的虚拟语气,和直陈语气的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等毫无关系。
现将虚拟语气的各种具体形式和用法分述如下;
a 表示与现在事实相反的情况
①形式
条件从句的动词形式 主句的动词形式
If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were) I (we) should
You (he,she , +动词原形或:
they,it ) would
所有人称+might(could)+动词原形
②用法:
If I had more time, I should study German(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German )
If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon)
If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy)
b 表示与过去誓死相反的情况
①形式;
条件从句的动词形式 主句的动词形式
If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+过去分词 I (we) should
You (he,she , +have+过去分词或:
they,it ) would
所有人称+could(might)+have+过去分词
②用法:
I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)
You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )
c 表示与将来事实相反的情况
①形式:
条件从句的动词形式 主句的动词形式
a If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)通常要与一个表将来的时间的状语连用
b If (we,you,he,she,it,they)+should
+动词原形
c If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+动词原形 I (we) should
You would +动词原形或:
he(she,it ) would
they would
I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+动词原形
②用法:
If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off(The weather has been changeable these days)
If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off( The weather has beenvery good these days)
If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off(That would be out of our expectation)
If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off (条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形,表示 下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain和should rain 都表示“出乎意料之外”,但were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”)
c 混合时间条件句的用法:
有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的 时间不一致。这时动词的形式,应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。
1) If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast(从句叙述过去,主句叙述现在。)
(fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast)
2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day(主句叙述现在,从句叙述过去)
(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough)
2、 在其他状语从句中的用法
主要用于由as if (as though) 引导的比较状语从句,从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式(be 变were )或had +过去分词。”
如:
She looked as if she were ill(实际上她没有病,在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳)
Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England(这里用虚拟语气表现他的 英语说得好)
(2)、在主语从句中的用法:
通常由形式主语it引出的主语从句来表达。主语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”;表示“必要”“重要”“奇怪”等意思。
It is necessary that you should clean the workshop after work下班后你必须清扫车间。
It is important that we should ask advice of other people about our work在工作中,征求别人的意见是很重要的。
Hello,everybody!Do you know my name?My name is YangYibin and I am so happy I can have a happy(幸福的)family There are six people in my family They are my father ,my mother ,my sister,my grandparents,my uncle ,my aunt and me This is my family。I love my family。你们好,你知道我的名字吗?我的名字是杨一斌,我很开心有一个幸福的家庭。我家有六口全文
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用英语介绍自己的
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— 你看完啦,以下内容更有趣 —
怎么用英语介绍自己的家人并且带翻译?
I have a very happy family, my parents have a very good job, my father is an engineer, a lot of bridges in city are designed by him, he walked every day in the design of the road, feel very proud, my mother is a teacher, she taught students are special well, I am really proud of my family 我有一个很美好的家庭,我的爸妈都有很好的工作,我爸是工程师,城市中很多的桥梁都是他设计的,每天都在走他设计的路,感觉很骄傲,我妈是一个人民教师,她教出来的学生成绩都特别好,我真的为我的家庭感到骄傲。 My family live in the capital of China, Beijing I am a high school student now Thanks to my parents I am, me today My parents are the always my icon of how I would like to be when I grow up I am very proud of my father because that he is in the military, because of people like him we have a better world Because of people my father we are here today I am very pround of my mother because she is a teacher, she is very patiant and always kind to others I am very proud for my family 我的家人生活在中国的首都,北京。我现在是一名中学生。感谢我的父母,我,我今天。我的父母一直是我长大后想成为的偶像。我为我的父亲感到骄傲,因为他在军队里,因为像他这样的人,我们有一个更美好的世界。因为有人,我的父亲,我们今天在这里。我很自豪我的妈妈因为她是一个老师,她对人很善良,总是下。我为我的家庭感到骄傲。
我的家的英文是my home、my family。
1、my home
读音:英[maɪhəʊm],美[maɪhoʊm]。
释义:我的家;
例句:That was my home
那是我的家。
2、my family
读音:英[maɪˈfæməli],美[maɪˈfæməli]。
释义:我的家庭;我的家人;我家。
例句:My family life is my personal business
我的家庭生活是我的私事。
family的用法
family的意思是“家庭”,指“家庭全体成员”时,为集合名词,作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。作为“家庭整体”看待时,谓语动词要用单数形式。谓语动词无论是单数形式还是复数形式,family都应该用复数代词指代。
family有时可作“子女,孩子”解,此时不含父母,是单数名词,但可与不定冠词a或an连用。
family作先行词时,其关系代词可用who,也可用which。如表示家庭成员,则一般用who;如表示家庭整体,则一般用which。
family表示“家属”时,不包括本人。
在第一张照片里in the first photo
我的全家福my family photo/ a photo of my family
家谱 family tree
我的家谱英语作文如下
Genealogy What is it My mind was blank Later, under the guidance of my mother, I only knew a thing or two I will briefly introduce my family's generations of genealogy
Grandpa: There are seven brothers and sisters, ranking the third He is an out-and-out Zhoushan fisherman Grandpa is the most pampered person in my family He will try his best to satisfy me with whatever I need In my heart, Grandpa is still a very caring person Every time I see the elderly or the disabled begging in the street, he will give them money
Grandma: There are three brothers and sisters She is the eldest She is a hardworking and clean person Grandma should put all the scattered things in the house neatly, and wipe all the dust in every corner She also likes to cook all kinds of delicious food, but my grandmother likes nagging Whenever I mess things up, my grandmother will nag me in my ear and ask me to be a clean child
译文
家谱?是什么?我的脑子一片空白,后来在妈妈的引导下,我才略知一二,我就简单来介绍一下我家的家谱。
爷爷:有七位兄弟姐妹,排行老三,他是一位地地道道的舟山渔民,爷爷是家里最宠我的人,只要是我需要的任何东西,他都会尽力满足我,在我心里爷爷还是一个非常有爱心的人,每每看到街上乞讨的老人或者是残疾人,爷爷都会给他们钱。
奶奶:有三位兄弟姐妹,排行老大,她是一位勤劳、爱干净的人,家里零零散散的东西,奶奶都要把它们摆放得整整齐齐,角角落落的灰尘都要擦得干干净净。她还喜欢做各种各样的美食,但是我的奶奶比较爱唠叨,每每我把东西弄乱了,奶奶就会在我耳边唠叨,要我做一个爱干净的孩子。
以下要回答不翻译
这个用英语怎么说?它是一个橘子,请拼写它(回答)
How to say it in English It is an orange Please spell it out O-R-A-N-G-E
很高兴见到你(回答)
Nice to meet you Nice to meet you, too
翻译
1祝你早上好。 Good morning
2你好吗?我很好,谢谢。你好吗?我还好。 How are you I am good, thank you And you I am good, too
3它是什么颜色?红色。 What color is it Red
4她的电话号码是多少?她的电话号码是535-2375 What is her phone number Her number is 535-2375
5他的姓是什么?他德姓是布朗 What is his last name His last name is Brown
6她的名字是什么?她德名字是琳达 What is her name Her name is Linda
1这是你的铅笔吗是,它是 Is this your pencil Yes, it is
2那是你的词典吗不,它不是 Is that your dictionary No, it isn't
3你怎样拼写eraser How do you spell eraser
4你能拼写reaser吗 Can you spell eraser
5在失物招领箱里 It is in the lost and found box
6给艾伦打电话495-3539 Please call Helen at 495-3539
7一串钥匙 a chain of keys
1这是你的女儿吗是/不,不是 Is this your daughter No, she isn't
2那些是我的两个兄弟 Those are my two brothers
3她是你的姨母吗是她是/不,她不是 Is she your aunt No, she isn't
4家谱 family tree
5谢谢你的全家照 Thank you for the picture of your entire family
1背包在那里它在桌子下面 The backpack is over thereIt is under the desk
2我的书在那里他们在沙发上 Where are my books They are under the sofa
3他的钥匙在那里他们在柜子上 Where are his keys They are on the table
4它在地板上吗不,它不在 Is it on the floor No, it isn't
对不起,我不知道 Sorry, I don't know
5他们在抽屉里吗是,他们在 Are they in the drawer Yes, they are
6把这些东西带去给你姐姐 Please return these to your sister
7请把它带到学校来 Please bring it to school
1你有乒乓球吗是,我有/不,我没有 Do you have a ping-pong ballYes, I have/No, I don't
2我们有网球拍他们没有网球拍 We have tennis rackets They don't have tennis rackets
3他有足球吗是他有/不他没有 Does he have a football Yes, he does/No, he doesn't
4让我们打网球/篮球把 Let's play tennis/basketball
5那听起来真好 That sounds good
6做运动 do exercise
7看电视 watch TV
8每天 every day
1他们喜欢梨吗是,他们喜欢/不,他们不喜欢 Do they like pears Yes, they do/No, they don't
2我们喜欢汉堡包 We like hamburgers
3她喜欢冰淇淋 She likes icecream
4她喜欢冰淇淋吗是,她喜欢/不,她不惜换。 Does she like icecreamYes, she does No, she doesn't
5跑步明星 running star
6许多 a lot
7健康食品 healthy food
8午餐他要吃什么午餐他吃肌肉,胡萝卜和花椰菜 What does he want for lunch He wants to eat chicken,carrots and broccoli
9晚餐你喜欢吃什么晚餐我喜欢吃蔬菜 What do you like to have for dinner I like to have vegetables for dinner
谁能给我一个精简的英语语法
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